Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Strategic Management - Essay Example Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation is a company that is leading globally in manufacturing and sales, in the automobile industry. Its main aim is to make better cars and be able to contribute to the society at large. Toyota Motor Corporations is committed to considering the customer first by manufacturing vehicles that are of high quality and those that are of affordable price (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2009). Toyota Motor Corporations believe in a bigger and brighter automobile future. Their main objective is to try and understand the customers’ needs and be able to provide services and products according to these desires. Therefore, Toyota motor corporations is endeavored to pursue the right way forward, to be able to further their growth and make each stakeholder happy and satisfied(Toyota Motors Corporation, 2009). Internal analysis and SWOT Toyota Motor Corporation is termed as the largest manufacturing company of cars by production and sales in the automobi le industry (Schmitt, 2010). It is also the largest manufacturing company in the US, and it is currently operating under five principles, which include; challenge, Kaizen, GenchiGenbutsu, respect, and teamwork (Toyota way, 2001). Despite all these, the Toyota Corporation is faced with strengths, weaknesses, threats, and tries to create opportunities to better their company, like any other in the world. Some of the strengths in the motor corporation include; being able to develop vehicles through innovative technology, and this has been achieved through putting more emphasis on the technological development, healthy corporate environment in which people are able to work and be taught at the same time. This is generalized as working together (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2009). Another strength, is that of tight integration of its group companies and this has helped them to contribute a lot on the economic growth of the nation, and are able to be the pioneers of the creation of a domesti c automobile industry, they are also able to penetrate through the well-known markets including; (Japan, north America and US) (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2009). Apart from the strengths, Toyota Motor Corporation is experiencing some weaknesses within its industry and these include; criticism over large scale recall in 2005, the company was blamed for producing low quality products that lacked innovations. This criticism encouraged them to focus more on designing more innovative cars so as to cater for the customers’ needs. They have gone ahead to make the latest models of primus and hybrid cars, keeping in mind the customers’ satisfaction (Takahashi, 2010). According to Armstrong and Kotler (2002), to be able to manufacture products that are of high quality with stable prices without putting pressure on the competitors will earn the company, a customer’s loyalty, and this is evident in Toyota Motor Corporation. Toyota Motor Corporation is also faced with the wea kness of foreign importation by the Japanese industry, and the company has strived to conquer this problem by producing low priced products in exchange of high quality products (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2009). Toyota Motor Corporation is also faced with the problem of global inefficiency; this means that it is only offering its brands to Japan and US while other competitors offer their brands globally. Therefore, to be able to curb this problem the Toyota Motor Corpo

Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Industry Essay - 1

Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Industry - Essay Example Also, the established confectionery manufacturers address the health noted health concerns through the production of new products. Most notable include low caloric confectionery, candy and specialty production of chocolate. According to the prevailing circumstances, the industry estimates an annual growth of 0.5% to $127.6 billion until the end of 2015. 1It also entails an estimated increase of approximately 2.0% in 2015 because of the stable chocolate and cocoa prices. The future of Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing Company is poignant. It is anticipated the growth of the mature markets in Japan, United States, Australia and Europe shall remain slow through 2020. During the period, machinists will strive to shall promote product innovation to stimulate demand. On the contrary, newly industrialized nations such as Latin America, South East Asia, and Russia anticipate an increase in demand for the sugar and chocolate confectionery. Furthermore, the global market prices shall increase thus increasing the industry’s overall in this income. In this regard, the industry anticipates an annualized growth of 2.2% to $142.4 billion in the subsequent years until 2020.2 The firm operates in the mature stage of the life cycle. Its industry value added (IVA) is projected to lag behind the global GDP growth in the next ten years through to 2020. IVA quantifies a company’s contribution to the global economy. Thus, it designates maturity of the industry. In the same measure, IBIS World anticipates the business’s IVA shall rise to an annual level of 2.4% for the 10-year period. The growth is comparable to projected annual average growth of 3.5% for world GDP over the period. Even though the firm projects an increase in demand for candy and chocolate in developing countries, the declining demand for the product in mature markets shall hinder the overall expansion of the industry. The Global Candy and Chocolate Manufacturing

Mass Media Violence and the Effect on Children :: Papers Argumentative

Violence in the media is a problem in American society today. The effect can be severe and widespread. The people exposed to this media violence are mostly children. They are very impressionable and imitate what they see, hear and are told by their friends. In this essay I will state my opinion and the opinions of several physiologists and other officials. Violence on television has been an issue that has plagued man from the day it was invented. Numerous shows depict violent acts such as rape, murder, and other such acts that many people consider inappropriate for adolescents. According to some studies the average child watches about 27 hours of television week. In some cases it is as much as 11 hours a day on a weekend. With the current amount of violence that is on television today these same studies estimate that the average child sees 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence before finishing elementary school. In 1992, there were over 1,800 acts of violence shown on television a day, over 360 those showed an act involving guns. Mediascope's National Television Violence Study found that 57% of television programs aired in 1994 and 1995, contained some violence most of these were cartoons. So the question is, should we ban violence from the television or should we just leave it the way it is? Some people believe that it should be banned from stations that show children?s programs to prevent the exposure of those children. Sometimes children see a great amount of violence on television, they begin to think that this is right and start to imitate the acts that they see on television, which are not the things that the parents want the children to learn from. One example of this is a thirteen-year-old boy who shot his best friend?s father and then put salt in the wounds. When he was asked why he did this he said that he had seen the same thing on a movie the day before. Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing violence on television: Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Children may be more fearful of the world around them.. Children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. Children who watch a lot of TV are less aroused by violent scenes than are those who only watch a little; in other words, they're less bothered by violence in general, and less likely to anything wrong with it.

Acct 410 Government and Not for Profit Chp 11-15 Quiz Essay

Question 1 4 out of 4 points | | | Federal funds must be used only for activities that are within the scope of the grant would be a(n)Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| allowable activity| Correct Answer:| allowable activity| | | | | Question 2 0 out of 4 points | | | In reporting the results of a performance audit, it is appropriate for the auditors toAnswer | | | | | | | Correct Answer:| all of the above.| | | | | Question 3 4 out of 4 points | | | Which of the following is a Yellow Book standard in respect to independence?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| auditors should not audit their own work| Correct Answer:| auditors should not audit their own work| | | | | Question 4 4 out of 4 points | | | The Yellow Book’s general standards are issued by theAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer:| GAO| Correct Answer:| GAO| | | | | Question 5 4 out of 4 points | | | In discerning the objectives of a program to be audited, the auditors should give the least credibility toAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer:| comments by the lower-level employees who actually depend on the program for their livelihoods.| Correct Answer:| comments by the lower-level employees who actually depend on the program for their livelihoods.| | | | | Question 6 4 out of 4 points | | | Which of the following is not reported upon in the Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| reportable conditions related to internal control| Correct Answer:| reportable conditions related to internal control| | | | | Question 7 0 out of 4 points | | | Government Auditing Standards characterizes government engagements into which of the following three categories?Answer | | | | | | | Correct Answer:| financial audits, compliance audits, and performance audits| | | | | Question 8 4 out of 4 points | | | The process of specifically directing federal funds to a particular program is called:Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| earmarking| Correct Answer:| earmarking| | | | | Question 9 4 out of 4 points | | | Government Auditing Standards must be adhered to in all financial audits except ofAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer:| public corporations| Correct Answer:| public corporations| | | | | Question 10 0 out of 4 points | | | The purpose of this is to avoid duplication of efforts in conducting governmental auditsAnswer | | | | | | | Correct Answer:| Single Audit Act| | | | | Question 11 4 out of 4 points | | | This law requires that the wages of laborers and mechanics employed by the contractors of federally funded projects be paid at prevailing local wage rates.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| Davis-Bacon Act| Correct Answer:| Davis-Bacon Act| | | | | Question 12 4 out of 4 points | | | Which of the following statements is incorrect about GAO standards pertaining to performance audits?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| The GAO mandates that programs be audited annually by accounting trained professionals| Correct Answer:| The GAO mandates that programs be audited annually by accounting trained professionals| | | | | Question 13 4 out of 4 points | | | Which of the following is not a General Auditing Standard for financial audits?Answer | | | | | Selected Answer:| financial stability| Correct Answer:| financial stability| | | | | Question 14 4 out of 4 points | | | Per the GAO standards, an auditor’s working papers mustAnswer | | | | | Selected Answer:| contain sufficient information to convince an auditor having no previous connection with the audit that the evidence supports the auditor’s conclusions and judgments| Correct Answer:| contain sufficient information to convince an auditor having no previous connection with the audit that the evidence supports the auditor’s conclusions and judgments| | | | | Question 15 0 out of 4 points | | | ‘‘Generally accepted government auditing standards’’ (GAGAS) refers to standards incorporated inAnswer | | | | | | | Correct Answer:| the Yellow Book and the AICPA’s Professional Standards| | | | | Sunday, June 17, 2012 6:43:52 PM EDT

Article Review . Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett,

Article Review Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett, A. M. (2016). How Financial Cutbacks Affect the Quality of Jobs and Care for the Elderly. ILR Review,69(4), 991-1016. doi:10.1177/0019793916640491 Introduction: The purpose of this article is to illustrate how financial cutbacks affect job quality as well as quality of care (Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett, A. M., 2016, p. 991). The article further goes on to predict that ongoing and accelerated cost places pressure on facilities that ultimately affects the quality of jobs and care in nursing homes based on their approach. The quality of residential care is a global concern and as the number of aging adults only grows, this concern will only grow (Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., †¦show more content†¦The authors posed a question on whether or not the financial objectives of a â€Å"for profit† or â€Å"non-profit† play a role in the quality care. This study lacks the examination of whether or not these nursing homes have the resources to organize certain work processes or the actual outcomes they achieve in terms of care. The authors again use the two different approaches throughout the article to determine whether thes e approaches and financial cutbacks affect the quality of workforce that ultimately affect the quality of care residents receive (Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett, A. M., 2016, p. 995). Methods: The authors took a qualitative design to their research to developed an understanding why the quality of care varied across several nursing homes (Burns, D. J., Hyde, P. J., Killett, A. M., 2016, p. 995). This study included 12 different nursing homes which consist of a mixture of non-profit and for profit nursing homes and residential living communities over the course of three years (2009-2012). Each nursing home varied from 10 to 65 bed facilities that varied in the terms of the level of care provided. Field research consisted of repeated site visits to each nursing home or living community, interviews, and observations. Each visit to the different nursing communities lasted from four to six weeks. During this time, the authors conducted 175 different interviews including department heads, nurses, caregivers, residents, and family or relatives of the

Analysis My Life Had Stood a Loaded Gun Essay - 2511 Words

Emily Dickinson is a poet known for her cryptic, confusing language. Words are often put together in an unusual way and create deciphering difficulties for the reader. But behind all the confusion is a hidden meaning that becomes clear, and one realizes that all the odd word choices were chosen for a specific reason. The poem I will try to analyze is My Life Had Stood—A Loaded Gun, or number 754. I find this to be one of her most difficult poems to decode. However, I find the images fascinating and the last stanza very confusing but intriguing. What I first thought the poem was about and what I finally came to a conclusion on are two completely different thoughts. Through answering questions on the poem’s literary elements, thorough†¦show more content†¦In stanza two, the near rhyme is â€Å"And now We roam in Sovereign Woods—/And now We hunt the Doe—†, where the reader is able to detect the long ‘o’ in the two end words . In stanza three, the rhyme is in lines two and four: â€Å"†¦Upon the Valley glow—/It is as a Vesuvian face/Had let it’s pleasure through—†. The ‘oh’ sound in â€Å"glow† is mirrored with the longer ‘ooh’ in â€Å"through.† In stanza four, the near rhyme can be heard in lines one and three: â€Å"And when at Night—Our good Day done—/I guard My Master’s Head—/’Tis better than the Eider-Duck’s/Deep Pillow—to have shared—†. This near rhyme is more complex than previously mentioned rhymes, because the reader hears the rhyme of two sounds: â€Å"Day† in line one and â€Å"Eider† in line three are similar because of the ‘d’ and then a sharper-sounding vowel—an ‘a’ and an ‘e.’ Then, the words following, â€Å"done† and â€Å"duck,† respectively, also sound near to each other again because of the ‘d,’ but this time the duller, lower sounding vowel comes from the ‘o’ and ‘u.’ When â€Å"Day done† and â€Å"Eider-Duck† are read out loud, the reader can hear the double, almost alliteral sounds made from the repetitive ‘d’ and corresponding vowels. I found stanza five’s near rhyme to have some debate: â€Å"To foe of His—I’m deadly foe—/None stir the second time—/On whom I lay a Yellow Eye—/Or an emphatic Thumb—†. Initially, I thought the near rhyme could be heard with â€Å"time† and â€Å"thumb,†Show MoreRelatedAnalysis of Dickinsons Poem, My Life had Stood a Loaded Gun631 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun† In the poem, â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun,† published around 1863, Emily Dickinson effectively uses metaphorical language in making the speaker compare him/her self to a loaded gun. The speaker speaks as if he/she is a loaded gun waiting to expose their full potential. When reading this poem, one could definitely see religious connotations in that one cannot reach his/her full potential without The Master’s – God’s – help and direction. In â€Å"My Life had stoodRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poem My Life Had Stood- A Loaded Gun 993 Words   |  4 Pagestheme in most of Dickinson s poems is the wonders of nature, and the identity of self, as well as death and life. The five poems with the common theme of death are: â€Å"My Life had Stood- A Loaded Gun†, â€Å"I Heard A Fly Buzz- When I Died†, â€Å"Behind Me Dips- Eternity†, â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death†, and â€Å"I â€Å"I Felt a Funeral in my Brain.† In the first poem â€Å"My Life had Stood- A Loaded Gun†, Emily Dickinson really plays into human emotion by describing anger as a â€Å"Vesuvian face† which is essentiallyRead MoreFemale Oppression By Emily Dickinson And Charlotte Perkins Gilman1729 Words   |  7 Pagesof American Literature there has been a common theme of male oppression. Especially towards the end of the 19th century, before the first wave of feminism, women were faced with an unshakeable social prison. Husband, home and children were the only life they knew, many encouraged not to work. That being said, many female writers at the time, including Emily Dickinson and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, were determined to examine the mind behind the American woman, through the lens of mental illness andRead MoreEssay about Loaded Gun Symbolism Depicted in Emily Dickinsons Poem, 7541993 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"754,† the narrator immediately compares her life to a weapon, â€Å"My Life had stood -- a Loaded Gun --† (754). Usually, when one thinks of a gun, he or she might think of death instead of love. In most cases, when a person owns or has a possession of a gun, that person might use the gun for protection. A gun is an inanimate object that has the potential or power to take the life of a human. From analyzing the poem â€Å"754,† the narrator symbolizes a loaded gun, full of potential, full of power, waitingRead MoreBibliography Relation to Analysis of Emily Dickinson ´s Writings2048 Words   |  8 Pageswords that aren’t real, yet which, add meaningfulness of vivacity and command of language scarcely found in poetry (Borus 89-91). In Dickinson’s Safe in their Alabaster Chambers deliberates a religious perspective of death, incorporating the idea of life following death or hereafter. There are heptad degrees of imagery found in this poem including those about religion, society’s politics, money and the greed thereof, geometry, iti nerants, sexual implications, as well as musical ones. Dickinson alsoRead More Emily Dickinsons My Life Had Stood:A Loaded Gun Essay2395 Words   |  10 PagesEmily Dickinsons My Life Had Stood:A Loaded Gun Emily Dickinson is a poet known for her cryptic, confusing language. Words are often put together in an unusual way and create deciphering difficulties for the reader. But behind all the confusion is a hidden meaning that becomes clear, and one realizes that all the odd word choices were chosen for a specific reason. The poem I will try to analyze is My Life Had Stood—A Loaded Gun, or number 754. I find this to be one of her most difficult poemsRead MoreChinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: Exploring the Ibo Culture1743 Words   |  7 Pagesartistic world of the African past. He has convinced his readers that â€Å"African people did not hear of culture for the first time from the Europeans; that their societies were not mindless but frequently had a philosophy of great depth and value and beauty, that they had poetry and, above all, they had dignity.† (Innes and Lindfors 65). He portrays the psychological problems of a generation of Africans suddenly plunged i nto a modern world. Whatever was written earlier about Africa was to depict it asRead MoreEssay about Nature in the Works of Emily Dickinson1368 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes exist in the human world and she wants to tell the world. Dickinsons poems are mostly written by nature, love, and death according to Anna Dunlap in her analysis. Dickinsons sister, Lavinia, is the one who published Dickinsons work, on her first attempt the editor that was responsible was taking her sweet time. This editor had Dickinsons work for two years so Lavinia decided to find another editor and Loomis Todd is the right person and editor for this job. Once Lavinia found the perfectRead MoreImagery Of Women By Adrienne Rich1540 Words   |  7 Pagessocialist because â€Å"socialism represents moral values – the dignity and human rights of all citizens† (Daily News). In one of her poems, â€Å"Necessities of life,† Rich focused on death. Adrienne Rich got a negative reaction to her earlier poem â€Å"Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law† which was her first overly feminist poem (Marilyn Hacker) and thought she had failed, so she focused on death in her next poem â€Å"as a sign of how erased she felt when her own sense of coming into rightful subject matter and voiceRead MoreThe taste of melon by borden deal11847 Words   |  48 Pagesthought about. We had moved just the year before, and sixteen is still young enough that the bunch makes a difference. I had a bunch, all right, but they weren’t sure of me yet. I didn’t know why. Maybe because I’d lived in town, and my father still worked there instead of farming, like the other fathers did. The boys I knew, even Freddy Gray and J.D., still kept a small distance between us. Then there was Willadean Wills. I hadn’t been much interested in girls before. But I had to admit to myself

Society vs. Heart in Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Essay

Society vs. Heart in Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn Ernest Hemmingway once described a novel by Mark Twain as, â€Å"†¦it is the ‘one book’ from which ‘all modern American literature’ came from† (Railton). This story of fiction, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a remarkable story about a young boy growing up in a society that influences and pressures people into doing the so-called â€Å"right thing.† It is not very difficult to witness the parallels between the society Huck has grown up in and the society that influences the choices of people living today. However, what is it that gives society the power to draw guidelines to define the norms, trends, and what is morally right and wrong in life? Is it always the best choice to listen†¦show more content†¦The Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, sisters who adopt Huck, have a slave by the name of Jim who, on the outside, appears to be both unintelligent and foolish, as by the impression received when Jim first speaks, â€Å"Who da h?† (Twain 6). In the beginning of the novel, Huck’s views on slavery had been skewed by society and by the civilized Miss Watson’s righteous and moral views. Huck finds it all fun and games when he and his comrade, Tom Sawyer, play a trick on Jim; Tom Sawyer and Huck remove Jim’s hat from his head and place it on the branch above him. When Jim wakes up, he believes he has been bewitched, adding to his dim-witted and brainless appearance. Only later on in the novel does Huck realize what Jim really means to him. On Huck and Jim’s journey to Cairo, Jim begins to speak about when he is free he will go and find his children and take them from the slave owner. This rubbed Huck the wrong way; his standards of Jim had been lowered because, from Huck’s point of view, why would Jim steal his children away from a man who has done nothing to him? Huck’s conscience began to come into play and he had made up his mind: He was going to turn Jim in when they reach shore. He was sure of it until Jim began to sweet talk Huck, telling him that Huck was the only white man that had ever kept a promise to him. This comment went directly to Huck’s heart; he could not possiblyShow MoreRelatedHuckleberry Finn : American Literature And Culture1622 Words   |  7 Pagesfor themselves, based on honorable values. Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer are the first kids depicted in American literature, and through them, Mark Twain develops the concept of kid, by having them participate in com ical manipulation and deception. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has two principal lies, imaginative lying and deceitful lying. Lying and deceit are central themes Twain uses to develop the blueprint of a child. Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and the King and Duke involve themselvesRead MoreHuck Is a Non-Conformist1467 Words   |  6 PagesSelf-Reliance vs. Huckleberry Finn In Ralph Waldo Emersons essay Self-Reliance, he defends the personality traits that every creative human being possesses and a persons intellectual independence, which enables him to surpass the achievements of previous generations. Emerson explains how most of society is made up of conformists, people that simply conform to a past technique created by earlier innovators. Against being a conformist, Emerson chooses to support being a creator, or a personRead MoreThe Head vs. the Heart813 Words   |  4 PagesRamirez 1 Juan Ramirez Mrs. Giles Period 2 24 September 2012 The Head Vs. The Heart The sounds of tools and chains clink and jingle not too far off. Slaves are in the fenced off field picking the soft cotton from the dry earth. The dust coming from the path that leads from the big, white house to the field gets picked up in gusts of wind making them squint their eyes. The owners of the house are chatting and laughing on their dusty porch sipping on their tea while their children play tag and hide-and-go-seekRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Despite being banned in many public schools, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, has been cherished throughout American society for many decades due to the it’s clever characters, absorbing storytelling, and engaging plotline. There are three reasons in which I am led to believe that it is the quintessential American classic novel; these three reasons include the explicit detail of racial differences during this time frame, the faultless self vs. self conflict, andRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2475 Words   |  10 PagesMark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn, is, at its core, an adventurous story of a young boy who ventures down the Mississippi River with an escaped slave named Jim. On more complex levels, the novel has many varied themes, one of which is about the fundamental rules of conventional society and the hypocrisy of that society. At this level, the novel is satirical in nature because Twain is mocking traditional society. Throughout the n ovel, Twain compares how people are willing to unquestioningly follow theRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1753 Words   |  8 Pagesliterature yet, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is ranked the 4th most banned book in America over 125 years after its publication. Some are baffled at how a book full of slavery and segregation can be banned when it is simply a reflection of a disturbing past and a learning opportunity for people of many generations to come. Yet, others are against its negative use of derogatory language in nearly every chapter in the novel. Throughout the reading, Twain’s clever use of specific eventsRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front By Erich Maria Remarque2092 Words   |  9 Pagessoldiers. Himmelstoss’s development from a strong, authoritarian in the training camp, to a fearful, cowardly soldier at the front lines is just confirmation that war has the ability to ruin even the mightiest man. Central Conflict: Person vs. Self, Paul vs. Himself Paul has his first real encounter with death when his friend Kemmerich dies in the hospital. The realization that he and his friends can and will die makes the war suddenly real to Paul. He battles with internal opposing forces of hopeRead MoreInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pagesof words: a world of forms, images, and sounds that are all designed to work together. This does not mean that works of literature have nothing to do with reality. On the contrary, Walt Whitmans poems often address the reader directly; Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn has everything to do with the history of American slavery; and when Emily Dickinson writes, 1 never hear the word escape Without a quicker †¢blood, she is surely expressing her ovm feelings. The world of literature is watered by manyRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.............................................................................. 299 CHAPTER 10 Deductive Reasoning .......................................................................................... 312 x Implying with Certainty vs. with Probability ................................................................................ 312 Distinguishing Deduction from Induction ..................................................................................... 319 Review of Major